Mervyn Meggitt (20 August 1924 - 13 November 2003 New York State) was an Australian anthropologist who was one of the pioneering researchers of higlands Papua New Guinea and Aboriginal Australia.
Born in Warwick, Queensland and educated at the Church of England Grammar School in Brisbane, Meggitt served in the Royal Australian Navy during the Second World War.[1] Following demobilisation, he became one of the first students of anthropology at the University of Sydney, and between 1953 and 1979 he carried out research amongst the Warlpiri (Walbiri) of Australia and the people of Enga Province, Papua New Guinea. In the 1960s he took a position as a professor of anthropology at the City University of New York. His works include The Lineage System of the Mae Enga and Desert People: A Study of the Walbiri Aborigines of Australia. But perhaps his most noted work is "Blood is Their Argument," an intensive analysis of the warfare habits of the Enga tribes. The book is widely considered to be among the first ethnographic studies of warfare.
In his work on the people of Enga in Papua New Guinea Meggitt found a firmly patrilineal system. This was unusual compared to other highland groups, which tended to be organized on a basis of both residence and descent. Restudies of his material as well the Enga suggest that Meggitt overstated the case and the Enga may be more like other highlands groups than was thought in previous decades.